2. Congenital abnormalities of kidneys
3. Polycystic kidney disease
4. Too much abuse of pain medications or other drugs
5. Toxic chemicals
6. Autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma
7. Injury
8. Glomerulonephritis
9. Kidney stones and secondary infections
10. Reflux nephropathy
11. Various other kidney diseases
Symptoms include -